Communication Gap Effect On Organizational Performance

COMMUNICATION GAP EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF NNEWI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA SECREATARIAT)

 

ABSTRACT

       This project is aimed at the effect of communication on organizational performance, communication subsist and impact upon everything that is, an event or occurrence worth nothing. It is this pervasiveness of communication that has, with the development of man, animal and the elements developed into a major area of study as well as formidable social force. It is an every day thing because it pervades our very existence.

       Moreover, survey method is used in the design of the study and questionnaire, personal interview, personal observation, official record etc were used to gather primary and secondary data which were used to analyze using statistical technique like simple percentage. The population includes both senior and junior staff of Nnewi North Local Government area secretariat. Random sampling methods were adopted to elicit the responses. The methods used in disseminating information, the effect of such information on staff, how management takes suggestions from others as it relates to organizational policies were also discussed. However, the result of the survey revealed that the organization agrees that communication is imperative in the successful operation of management. In the cause of the research there were some recommendations made. And one of these recommendations was that the way communication process should be use by the members of the staff.            

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                    i

Certification page                                                         ii

Dedication                                                                   iii

Acknowledgement                                                        iv

Abstract                                                                      vi

Table of contents                                                         viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction                                                          1

1.1 Background of the study                                        1

1.2 Statements of the problem                                      9

1.3 Objectives of the study                                           11

1.4 Research questions                                                12

1.5 Scope of the study                                                 13

1.6 Significance of the study                                        13

1.7 Definition of terms                                                 14

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.1     Conception of communication                            16

2.2     Types of communication                                    24

2.3     Purpose of communication                                 25

2.4     Grapevine                                                         27

2.5     Communication process                                     29

2.6     Communication barriers                                    32

2.7     Direction of Communication                               35

2.8     Review of related studies                             39

2.9     Theoretical frame work                                      42

2.10 The summary of literature review                       43

CHAPTER THREE

    3.1 Research design                                                 45

    3.2 Area of study                                                     46

    3.3 Population of study                                            46

    3.4 Sample and sampling technique                          46

    3.5 Method of data collection                             47

    3.6 Method of data analysis                                      47

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and discussion of finding

4.1     data presentation and Analysis                          48

4.2     Analysis of Demographic data                            49

4.3     Discussion of findings                                       57

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1     Summary of findings                                          60

5.2     Conclusions                                                      61

5.3     Recommendation                                               64

5.4     Suggestion for further studies                            67

 References                                                                 69

Appendix                                                                    70

Questionnaires                                                            71

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          Every needs to communicate with those around him to share experience, jokes, furniture, hopes and ideas. By the time we read our teens, we probably take the ability to communicate for granted as merely doing what comes naturally. Whether we realize it or not, each of us has learn about language and communication by the time we become teenagers. In early childhood, we learnt how to write and interprete numbers and digrames. We even come to understand the silent language of communication expressed in false gestures and body movement which is the body language of non verbal communication. This army of skills has helped us to be active members of the family, school, work group and society at large.

          Communication occurs when a person transmits meaning understanding message to another person or group. Having known this, it is of require goo communication since it is regarded as the foundation upon which an organization system must be developed and maintained to get an idea passed to others in order to bring intended performance. Without the process of communication the various part of organization would not be bound together and the organization would not exist. In other to be successful, the organization needs people who can communicate effectively and efficiency. Communication is very important tool in every organization.

          John MP Fiffner saw communication as a galaxy of connotation each of which is valuable and useful for its particular context. It is indeed common that the mere mention of the world communication conjure s pictures of the letters, telegram, radio, cable, telephone etc. in the mind of the people in the street. The word communication came from a Latin word “communication”, meaning to share. It is a way of sharing ideas, thought, feeling, message or information by speech, visual signals writing or behaviour.

          According to Lee (2011) without the means, the capacity and the will to communicate, what we knew as business government and community activities could not be but is not enough for people to talk with each other, they need to know how to talk with others too. The first executive fixation according to Bernard (1990) is to maintain a system of communication. It is only when people have come to know others work, play or study that they are prepared to open up and to trust others with their secrets communication is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures, hence animal language. It can be act by which human pass information, knowledge etc.

          According to Uzozie Raphael (1992 : pg 10) he says that communication is all the possible method of conveying or passing information, idea, feeling etc from one source to another, in a systematic way (sentence formation ways) using channel which are recognized and accepted by all the participant in the communication gap.

          Uwadiegwu (2010 : pg 155) defines communication as a process of giving peoples information through the means of previews agreed symbols, signs, signals, or patterns.

          Mbiti (1987) sees communication as the transfer of information from one person to the other, information sent out all supposed to be understood and react to it with the desired response. in the same vein, Graham et al (1992) state that communication must include facts, intention and attitude. The chief purpose of communication is to make the receiver of the message to understand what is in the mind of the sender. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to assert that communication is playing operation of our business. We have more people to inform more people to listen to and more people to help us solve our problem and more things to talk about. Its function is the means by which social inputs are fed into social system or organization, the means by which behaviour is modified, changed is effected, information is made productive and goal are achieved, be it in business, the military, the government etc. very organization is get up to obtain same defined objective. Some business organization like Nnewi North Local Government Area Secretariat is set up to improve the standard of education and render social service. The co-operative in this case is not that of making profit.

          However, the objective of any organization has been achieved through the instrumentality of individual persons who form the basic nucleus of any organization. The people have to be managed effectively and efficiently in order to ensure their readiness to perform for the attainment of goals and objective of organization.

          “Management” is defined by Denyer (1972: pg 46) is concerted with the direction and control of an enterprise and involves planning and direction of the work of other. These managerial functions cannot successfully carry out in the absence of communication is what all managers do. It breeds life into planning, organizing, motivating, controlling and budgeting. It is the way we get meaningful work accomplished by coordinating the effort of their individual and groups.

          Communication as defined by Brown (1950:pg 16) is the process of transmitting ideas or thought from one person to another for the purpose of creating understanding in the thinking of the person receiving the communication. It is also the act of imparting information or the mutual exchange of information and understanding by the use of symbols, language and signs. The goals of any communication his either to change behaviours, get actions, get information or to persuade and ensure understanding.

          Drucker (1954:pg 12) while discussing the importance of communication said: The managers has a specific tool which is information. He does not handle people, he motivate, guides, organize people to do their own work and to do this, is the spoken and written word or the language of numbers. No matter whether the managers job is engine accounting, legislating or selling, his effectiveness depends on his ability caused by the lack of effective communication are among the greatest problem managers faces in today’s competitive business world. Skill are needed to get ideas and thoughts across other people as well as skill in finding out what other people are after, a kind of impulse feeling. Drucker assertion implies that communication are needed to convey information necessary for on going operation and that communication can have an effect on the attitude of people in the organization and consequently on the general performance of the organization.

          Managers spend a lot of their time in order to co-ordinate human and physical resources of an organization into effective efficient and co-ordinate work unit. It is only through this, the human and material elements of an organization can be achieved.

          As average manager spend between 80 to 95 percent of his time communicating in one form or the other, interviewing applicants for position, holding meeting, writing letters, memos and repots, telephoning clients, listening and reading. Relevant information, facts, feeling and ideas must be communicated within an organization before any organizational decision can be made. Communication in recent years has been regarded as a managerial function because of its indispensable important in any organization coupled with the fact that it has been realized that communication is need in born but has to e learnt and developed along line.

          Language, which is deemed the most important tools of communication. Researchers have proved that there are more than 280 languages in Nigeria. It was also observed that the organization Nnewi North Local Government Area Secretariat which serves as a study for this research have worker from different ethnic groups with different languages, different social and cultural backgrounds. This shows that effective communication in any organization cannot be predicted accurately. As S.I Hayakawa (1979:pg 1) said “the meaning of words are not in the word”. They are in its and no word ever has exactly the meaning.