Abstract
The aim of the study was to appraise the use of instructional materials in the teaching civic education in secondary schools in Udi local government area of Enugu state. The population of the study comprised of 19323 students from Udi local government area of Enugu state. Three research questions guided the study. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. The sample size of the study was 200 students. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in educational foundation. The reliability index of the instrument was 0.79 which was obtained using Pearson product moment method of correlation. Mean statistic was used to analyze the data obtained. The researcher discovered that students understand civic education better due to the use o instructional materials, and that students taught using instructional materials perform better than those taught without the use of instructional materials. The researcher recommended that instructional materials should be used in secondary schools for the teaching and learning of civic education. The researcher also recommended that demonstration method of teaching should be encouraged in secondary schools, and also that government (ministry of education) should provide the needed teaching aids to schools
TABLES OF CONTENTS
Title Page- - - - - - - - - - -i
Approval Page - - - - - - - - - -ii
Certification- - - - - - - - - - -iii
Dedication- - - - - - - - - - -iv
Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - - --v
Table of Contents- - - - - - - - - -vi
List of Tables -- - - - - - - - - -viii
Abstract- - - - - - - - - - - -ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study- - - - - - - - -1
Statement of Problem- - - - - - - - 6
Purpose of the Study- - - - - - - - -7
Significance of the Study- - - - - - - - -8
Research question -- - - - - - - - --8
Scope of the Study-- - - - - - - - --9
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework- - - - - - - - -10
Theoretical Framework- - - - - - - - -21
Empirical Studies- - - - - - - - - -23
Summary of Literature Review- - - - - - - -30
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Design of the Study - - - - - - - - -31
of Study-- - - - - - - - - - -32
Population for the Study-- - - - - - - -32
Sample and Sampling Techniques - - - - - -32
Instrument for Data Collection - - - - - - -33
Reliability of instrument - - - - - - - -33
Validation of the Instrument - - - - - - -33
Method of Data Collection…….………………..…….......................34
Method of Data Analysis………………………………………...…....….34
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Research Question 1………………………………………….…………...35
Research Question 2……………………………………….….……….….36
Research Question 3………………………………….……….…….….…37
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Findings ……………………………………………………....39
Summary of Study …………………………………………………………….43
Conclusion ……………………………………….……………..…….….….….44
Suggestion for Further Research...………….……………………........... 46
Recommendations ….…………………..………..….……………………......45
References…………………………………………….………….................... 47
Appendix A……………..……………………………………………………… 50
Appendix B ………………………………………………………………………..51
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Nigeria as an independent nation recognizes that "education is a nations activity which involves an orderly, deliberate and sustained effort to transmit or develop knowledge, concept, skills and attitude or habits hence her determination to provide lifelong education for her citizens" (Igwe, 2008). Knowledge and skill in Civic Education which are needed for citizenship will not be learned by most individual unless they are systematically and effectively taught in school. Therefore Civic Education belong to the core curriculum, the common learning experience required of all students as part of their general education (Seiter, 2009).
Civic Education, however, is a broad subject that cuts across different spheres of the society. One of the major problems facing the educational sector today is the inadequacy of instructional material necessary for effective teaching and learning. The teaching of Civic Education in Nigeria is characterized by many as inadequacies. For example audio-visual aid for the teaching of Civic Education are either not available, in insufficient quantity or what is available is usually inappropriate (Adu, 2012).
Civic education is a art that correlates with social science which explains human behaviour. There are, therefore, many classroom activities that can be used to make Civic Education come alive for students. Activity-based pedagogical techniques include stimulations, role play, active demonstration, group problem solving and so on. Active learning will both enrich instruction and facilitates students understanding. Civic Education can come alive for students when they see it in action (Jane, 2012).
The use of instructional materials is central to the teaching of Civic Education simply because it is an applied subject and it cannot be taught as abstract. The need to involve the learner through the use of various instructional materials cannot be over-emphasized as they brings about meaningful instruction, and have a great learning impact on the learner.
Statement of the Problem
It has been observed that some teachers are of the opinion that instructional materials have little or no significant effect on the academic performance of student in Civic Education. Hence, some teachers have taken instructional material with laxity while some other teachers who ought to take instructional materials serious feel it is a waste of time (Donal, 2012).
These mentalities and erroneous belief have made the use of instructional materials for teaching and learning Civic Education not taken seriously. This situation is further worsened for not all teachers who are expected to make use of instructional materials for teaching are opportuned to do that due to some reasons such as unavailability of instructional materials, negligence of schools in the provision of instructional materials, and lack of interest on the side of the government. Based on these reaons, the questions that can readily come to mind are: to what extent do teacher make use of instructional materials? To what extent are instructional materials available in secondary schools? Do teachers in most schools make use of instructional materials in the teaching process? Finding answers to theses and other questions made the researcher to embark on this study.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study is appraising the use of instructional materials in teaching of Civic Education in Secondary Schools in Enugu Educational Zone.
Specifically, the purposes of the study are:
1. To examine the extent of use of instructional material in the teaching and learning of production in Secondary Schools in Enugu Educational Zone.
2. To determine whether there is any difference in the academic performance of secondary schools students taught Civic Education using instructional materials and those taught civic education without using instructional materials in Udi local government area of Enugu state
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will be relevance to students, teachers, Educational Curriculum Planners, and the society at large.
To the students, the findings of the study will enable them know the need to take their studies serious especially when the teacher is using instructional materials to teach them.
To the teachers, the findings of the study will make them see the reasons why they should use instructional materials in the teaching of Civic Education. Students learn better when they are taught using instructional materials; therefore, teachers using instructional materials make their lesson concise and understandable.
To the educational curriculum planners, the findings of the study will enable them know that they should include the use of instructional materials to the curriculum of secondary schools.
Scope of the Study
The study is limited to appraising the use of instructional materials in teaching of Civic Education SecondarySchools in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State
Research Questions
The following research questions will guide the study:
1. To what extent are instructional materials been used in the teaching and learning of production in Secondary Schools in Enugu Educational Zone?
2. Are there any difference in the academic performance of secondary schools students in Civic Education using instructional materials and those taught civic education without using instructional materials in udi LGA?
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