Integrated Burglar Alarm System

 ABSTRACT
The problem definition required an in-depth study regarding integrated burglar alarm systems.
The alarm was designed to go on due to any of the following conditions which are monitored
on PC: entry of burglar, door is opened and door handle is locked.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION .............................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................... ii
DECLARATION AND CERTIFICATION.......................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.
1.1. Problem Definition. ........................................................................................................ 1
..............................................................................................................................................
1.2. Objectives of the project................................................................................................. 1
1.3. Project scope .................................................................................................................. 2
1.4. Organization of Report................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Basic sensor technology .................................................................................................. 3
..............................................................................................................................................
2.2 Motion sensors ................................................................................................................ 3
2.2.1 Passive infrared sensors ............................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Ultrasonic detectors...................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 Microwave sensors ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 Photoelectric sensors .................................................................................................... 5
2.2.5 Dual technology detectors ........................................................................................... 6
2.2.5 Active infrared sensors................................................................................................. 6
..............................................................................................................................................
2.3 Magnetic contacts............................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Mechanical switches ....................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Signal conditioning ......................................................................................................... 7
2.6 Bipolar Junction transistor. ............................................................................................. 7
2.6.1 NPN Bipolar Transistor................................................................................................ 8

2.6.2 PNP Bipolar Transistor. ............................................................................................... 8
2.6.3 Mode of operation of BJT ............................................................................................ 9
2.7 Parallel port .................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN DECISIONS AND COMPONENTS
3.1 PIR SENSOR FUNDAMENTALS................................................................................. 12
3.1.1 Infrared radiation.......................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Pyroelectric sensor ....................................................................................................... 13
3.1.3 Fresnel lens................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.4 Signal conditioning for pyroelectric sensor. ................................................................ 15
3.2 Transistor Switches. ........................................................................................................ 17
3.3 Push-Button switches ...................................................................................................... 18
3.4 Microsoft Visual Studio ................................................................................................ 18
CHAPTER FOUR: CIRCUIT DESIGN.
4.1 Circuit Diagram............................................................................................................... 20
4.2 PIR Motion Detection Unit. ............................................................................................ 21
4.3 Door Opening Detection Unit. ........................................................................................ 24
4.4 Door Handle detection unit. ............................................................................................ 25
4.5 System flow diagram....................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER FIVE: TEST AND RESULTS
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 30
6.2 Further recommendations................................................................................................ 30
APPENDIX A
VERSION 5.00.......................................................................................................... 32
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 40

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Problem Definition.
Crime rates in Kenya have been on the increase lately. Hardly does a day pass without
hearing cases of home burglary. Not only do people lose their property to the robbers but
also lose lives when they try to put up a spirited fight against the robbers who are armed.
As a result, people have been living in constant fear of being attacked by robbers.
Installing of a burglar alarm system can protect homes from burglars and criminals.
Office premises, warehouses, banks etc have premises which are out of bounds to many
individual with the exception of a few select employees. Managers and employers are in
constant fear that people will gain entry into unauthorized premises and make away with
either vital information or goods. It is therefore necessary to install an integrated burglar
alarm system to monitor for any intrusion into the unauthorized premises.
Burglar alarm efficiency depends on the type of zone being triggered within your
property. The desired output of your burglar alarm system causes a specified alarm output
and quickly responds whenever the sensors identify valid conditions which have activated
the alarm. The unit’s ability in communicating back to its monitoring system is truly a
crucial aspect for determining the efficiency of the alarm.
1.2 Objectives of the project.
To design an integrated alarm system which will go on due to any of the following
conditions which are monitored on a PC: entry of burglar, door is opened and door handle
is locked.

1.3 Project scope
i. To design a motion detector.
ii. To design a circuit to indicate whether the door is open or closed.
iii. To design a circuit to detect the touching of the door handle.
iv. To develop software for the PC which will indicate with the entry of burglar, door is
opened and door handle is locked.
1.4 Organization of Report.
This report has been arranged into six chapters. In chapter two, a discussion of the major
motion sensors, mechanical switches, magnetic contacts and transistors has been considered.
In chapter 3, the design decision for the components in the circuit design has been discussed.
In chapter four, the design process of integrated alarm system has been discussed. This
chapter also includes designing of the software used to monitor the integrated alarm system.
In chapter five, the results have been presented and analyzed.
Chapter six gives the conclusion and the recommendation for improvements and further
research which will improve the integrated burglar alarm system.