BUDGETING AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING AND CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
This research work has focused on investigation on the use of budgeting as a tool for planning and control in topical manufacturing industry like Nigeria breweries Plc, Enugu. The objective of the study is the show the important of budgeting as a tool for planning and control in operation of a manufacture industry which has profit maximization as its principal objectives the research also aims at identifying the procedures adopted in the formulation of annual budgets of Nigerian Breweries Plc. Based on this, the following hypothesis was formulated for the study, the hypothesis is include:
1. Managers use budget as a tool for planning and controlling the good of the business or organization
2. Decision making is performed in a manufacturing industry using budget.
3. Utilization of resources is achieved with the use of budget and budgetary control.
Following the investigation and analyzasion of the data the following findings were made:
1. The organization uses budgeting in achieving their goals and objectives which can be with out
2. The main objective of the organization is maximization of profit which will be done through budget.
3. Efficiency and effectiveness of the organizations operation as enhanced through the use of budgeting e.t.c.
From the findings the conduction were arrived that budgeting is a very essential and indispensable tool for planning and control it helps management to be well structured in sustaining the growth and expansion of the organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
List of table x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 5
1.3 Objective of the study 6
1.4 Hypothesis 7
1.5 Research question 8
1.6 Significance of the study 8
1.7 Scope of the study 9
1.8 Definition 10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of budget 12
2.2 Features and functions of budget 14
2.3 Preparation of budget 19
2.4 Types and methods of budget 23
2.5 Planning function in an organization 33
2.6 controlling functions in an organization 37
2.7 Budgetary control and analysis of variance 40
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design 43
3.2 Area of the study 43
3.3 Population of the study 44
3.4 Sampling method 44
3.5 Research instrument 46
3.6 Validity and reliability of research instrument 47
3.7 Sources of data 48
3.8 Method of investigation 50
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRESENTATION OF DATA
4.1 presentation and analysis of data 52
4.2 Testing of hypothesis 65
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of findings 73
5.2 Conclusion 77
5.3 Recommendation 78
References
Appendix
Questionnaires
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1.1: Employment of planning and control 53
Table 4.1.2: If the company uses budget 53
Table 4.1.3: Whether planning and control helps
efficiency 54
Table 4.1.4: Ways budgeting has helped the organization55
Table 4.1.5: The effect of decision making in the
organization 56
Table 4.1.6: If the company has encountered any problem in organizational decision 56
Table 4.1.7: The problems encountered by the company 57
Table 4.1.8: Comparison between budget and
Performance 58
Table 4 .1.10:Budget deviation 59
Table 4.1.11: Solutions to the problems 59
Table 4.1.12: Agreement with the performance 60
Table 4.1.13: If the departments are allowed to exercise
control 61
Table 4.1.14: If utilization of resource achieved with budgeting control 62
Table 4.1.15: The effect of economic recession 63
Table 4.1.16: The area of effect 64
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Business organizations need planning to achieve their aims and objective.
It thorough planning in an organization cannot be done without involving the act of budgeting. The management has the purpose of providing feed-forwarding process.
The concepts of feed-forward process into provide each manager with guidelines for making operation decision on a day-to-day basic.
Budgeting deals with plants and monitoring activities to ascertain whether they confirm to the plan.
This is the control and coordination aspect of budgeting.
Manufacturing industries can only achieve profit maximization by proper planned use of available resource.
This is sustained when different activities are efficiently coordinated and decisions taken in the organization are result oriented.
Business organization requires the use of some techniques in the formula and adoption of planned and defined system and tools with a view to achieve set goals. Such tools and system include budgeting variance analysis and budgetary control. The process of setting goals to be achieved in the future time and determining this planning into financial target can be described as Budgeting.
Reg, H. Garrison, in his opinion, defined budget, thus, a budget is a detailed plan showing how resources will be required and used over some specific time interval. It repented a plan for the future expressed in a formal qualitative terms. The out of preparing a budgeting control,
This project is organized in five chapters, which aimed at finding out the budget process used achieving the goals of a typical. Manufacturing, industry with profit maximized as its main objectives with centre focuses in Nigerian Breweries Plc, Enugu
Chapter one is an introduction to the study concerning such issues as:
1. Statement of problem
2. Purpose of the study
3. Statement of hypothesis
4. Research question
5. Scope and limitation of the study
6. Definition of terms
Chapter two present the literature review which such issues as:
1. Definition of budget
2. Feature and function of budget
3. Preparation of budget
4. Types and methods of budget
5. Planning function in an organization
6. Problems associated with budget
7. Controlled function in an origination
8. Budget control and analysis of variance.
Chapter three presents the research design methodology
The source of data collected for analysis and treatment of some of the problem encounter during data collected were examined and analysis in details to enable us draw conclusion there by making recommendation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This management has his primary duty of achieving the objective of profit maximization of the company through budgeting due to the state of our economy and government policies this goal is much hindered during the period of economic depression which features low capacity utilization, high interest rate shortage of foreign exchange to buy the needed raw materials.
Management is filed with the problems of how to make use of available scarce resources your order to achieve the objective of profit maximization.
This research work will provide solution of the following problems.
1. Inability of the manufacturing company objectives
2. Insufficient appraisal of the company performance base on budgeting.
3. Inability of officer in the cost centers to confirm to guide line and attain the standard set in the organization. This is application to all works.
4. Inadequate monitory of compliance with and deviation from department and enter budgets.
1.3 OBJECTCIVE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study includes the following:
1. To show the importance of in getting as a tool for planning and controlling in the operations of a manufacturing industry which as the maximization of profit and its principal objectives.
2. To identify the procedures adopted in the formation and implementation of animal budget in Nigeria Breweries Plc, Enugu.
3. To determine whether there is a correction between the type of budget implemented and their actually performance.
4. The study will determine whether or not budgeting control as a management tool contributes to the improvement of managerial efficiency and high productivity.
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS
The following are the basic for research in this study:
HI: Managers are using budgeting planning and controlling the business resource.
HO: Managers are not using budgeting in planning and controlling the business resource.
HI: Budgeting is a tool for effective decision making in manufacturing industry.
HI: Utilizations of resource is achieved with the use of budgeting and budgetary control
HO: Utilization of resources is not achieved with the use of budgeting and budgetary control.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. How does managers use budgeting in planning and control in author the goals of a business?
2. How does decision making performed in a manufacturing industry using budgeting as a tools for planning and control?
3. How has utilization of resources achieved with the use of budgeting and budgetary control.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In the business world the main objective is to maximize profit by providing goods and services of fair, comparative and affordable price no management can ignore profit maximization unless it will be stifled out of business.
Hence, this study is significant with the following reason?
1. The study will determine whether budgeting as a tool for planning and control played and significant role towards ensuring portability and efficient rendering of goods and services.
2. Ascertain the role play by the management in budgeting and whether they ensure to the budget.
3. Ascertain the role of budget as a tool for effective and efficient utilization of scare resources.
4. The study will help future researcher on budgeting and budgetary control with emphasis on manufacturing industry.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of budgeting as a tool for planning and control in a manufacturing industry has its scope limited to Nigerian Breweries (NBL) Plc Enugu due to various constraints.
Among the major constraints is the fear of job security by some staff of the company might be unsafe if they grant interviews.
Again, funds available to the researcher and cost of printing the questionnaire to and from the respondents.
Moreover, there was retaining of time so as to come other course within the limited time.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. A BUDGET: The institution of cost and management accountant defines budget as a plan quantified in monetary terms, prepared and approved prior to a define period usually showing planning income to be generated and or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain that objective.
2. Budgetary control: This is the different between planned (budgeted and actual result cost). This may be favourable where actual cost is less than a standard (budget) cost. If it unfavourable where actual cost is greater than standard (budgeted) cost. Alternative terms are minus or plus variance respectively.
3. Organization: This is all establishment whether government or private owned.
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