Night Vision Technology

NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page    .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         i

Dedication .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         ii

Approval page       .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         iii

Acknowledgment  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         iv

Preface        .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         v

Table of contents  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         vi

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Night Vision Technology    .         .         .         .         .         .         .         1

1.1 Technical night vision       .         .         .         .         .         .         .         2

1.2 Thermal imaging .    .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         2

1.3 Image Intensification.        .         .         .         .         .         .         .         3

1.4 Working Principles of Technical Night Vision.         .         .         .         4

1.5 Application     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         5

Conclusion .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         6

Reference    .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Description of the System Building Blocks     .         .         .         .         8

2.1 Block Diagram Development into Working Circuit   .         .         .         8

2.3 System Design Specifications      .         .         .         .         .         .         9

2.4 Power Supply Unit   .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         9

2.5 Principle of Operation of the System     .         .         .         .         .         10

2.6 System Design Calculation         .         .         .         .         .         .         11

2.7 Diagram of the System     .       .       .       .       .       .       .       13

References       .       .       .       .       .       .       .       .       .       14

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0.    NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY

NIGHT VISION is the faculty of seeing in the dark, especially when the eyes have become adapted to the low level of light and the improvement of vision in low light environments.

Humans have poor night vision compound to many animals in part because the human’s eye lacks a tapetum lucida. Lura, S.M. et al (April,2002).

Night vision technology literally allows one to see in the dark it is originally developed for military use humans that have poor night vision compared to many other animals the proper night vision equipment we can see a person standing over 200yard (183m) away on moonless.

1.1.  THE NEED TO STUDY NIGHT VISION

·        Military

·        Hunting

·        Security

·        Hidden-object detection

1.2.  GENERATION OF NIGHT VISION

ØScope

ØGoggle

ØCamera

The devices serve as overall more efficient and proficiency is selling in the dark.

1.3.  TYPE OF NIGHT VISION

Technical night vision

Technology night vision can be divided into two main categories.

vThermal imaging

vImage intensification

Thermal imaging detects the temperature difference between the backgrounds and the foreground object some organisms are able to sense a crude thermal image by means of special organs that function as bolometer. This allows thermal infrared sensing in snakes which function by detection of thermal radiation.

Image enhancement: this works by collecting the thing amount of light, including the lower portion of the infrared light spectrum that are present but may amplifying it to point that we can easily observe the image.

Thermal imaging: this technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat by objects instead of simply reflected as light. Hotter objects such as warm bodies emit more of like trees or buildings. Thermal imaging cameras are excellent tools for night vision they detect thermal radiation and do not need a sound of illumination they produce an image in the darkest of night and can see through light fog, train and smoke. Thermal imaging cameras make small temperature differences visible thermal imaging cameras are widely used to complement new or existing security, where they are commonly referred.

Image intensification: This magnifies the amount of receives photons from various natural sources such as starlight or moonlight. Examples of such technology include night glasses and low light cameras. The image intensifier is a vacuum tube based device that converts invisible light from an image light so that a dimly lit scene can be viewed by a cameras or the naked eye while many believe the light is “amplified” it is not when light strike the micro channel plate that cause the screen to illuminate with a picture in the same pattern as the light that strikes the photocathode and is on frequency that the human eye can see this is much like a CRT Television, but instead of color guns the photocathode does the emitting.

The image is said to become “intensified” because the output visible light is brighter than the incoming IR light and this effect directly relates to the difference in passive and active night vision goggles. Currently the most popular image intensifier is the drop-models and sizes are available at the market. Ekwe Vitalis: (Nov 2011).

1.4.    WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TECHNICAL NIGHT VISION:

Technology night image intensifier vision can work in two very different ways, night vision amplifies light to active better vision. A conventional lens,  captures ambient light gathered light is sent to the image-intensifier tube the light energy released electron from  the cathode and accelerated these electrons enter micro channel plate and bounce off other electrons to be released in each channel. Original new electrons collide with other atoms, creating a chain.

       In image –intensifier tube electro us hit a serene the energy of the electrons release photons and create green image on the serene. The green phosphor image is viewed through another lens.

Thermal imaging: All objects emit infrared energy as a function of their temperature, a lens focuses the infrared light, the focused light is scanned and create temperature pattern. The pattern created is translated into electric impulses the impulses are sent to a circuit board that translates information into data for the display. The signal-processing unit sends the information to the display, and appears as various colors thermal image are black and white in nature. Ekwe Vitalis: (Nov 2011).